Li-Ion BESS Electro-Thermal, EKF, 2-Node SOP & Rainflow Aging Workbench

Zero-CDN interactive physics explorer powered by bess_solver v1.0.0: PyBaMM-parameterized 2RC dual-polarization ECMs (NMC811 & LFP), closed-loop EKF drift rejection, 2-node radial core–surface thermal & receding-horizon SOP derating, and 12-year virtual-age SEI/Wöhler/plating projections.

bess_solver v1.0.0 PyBaMM 26.10.1.1 OCV/dUdT Verified Zero External CDNs PEP 561 Typed
GitHub Repository
Min Terminal Voltage
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Closed-Loop EKF SoC RMSE
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Peak Jelly-Roll Core T_core
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10s BMS SOP (Dis / Chg)
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Total DC Resistance R_dc
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Deep Arbitrage 80% SoH EoL
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1. Terminal Voltage V_term(t) vs Equilibrium U_ocv(t)

Solid: V_term | Dashed: U_ocv & V_min/V_max

2. Closed-Loop EKF vs Biased Coulomb Counting SoC (%)

White: True | Teal: EKF | Red: Biased CC

3. 2-Node Radial Core & Surface Temperature (°C)

Orange: T_core | Blue: T_surf | Red: 48 °C Limit

4. 12-Year Rainflow & Virtual-Age SoH Projection (%)

Receding-Horizon BMS State-of-Power (SOP) Envelope & Active Bottlenecks

HorizonMax I_disMax P_disDischarge Bottleneck Max I_chgMax P_chgCharge Bottleneck

Reproducible Python Solver Benchmark Gallery (main.py)

All 5 publication figures are deterministically generated by python main.py and verified in CI across Python 3.10–3.13 against analytical invariants and PyBaMM 26.10.1.1.

Figure 1, Coupled 1RC Electro-Thermal Pulsed Discharge (3C @ 25 °C)

Figure 1, Coupled 1RC Electro-Thermal Pulsed Discharge (3C @ 25 °C)

Min V_term = 3.181 V | Peak T_cell = 30.97 °C | Final SoC = 25.0% (exact ZOH RC + Joule-convective step).

Figure 2, 2RC Chemistry Comparison: NMC811 vs. LFP, Bernardi Heat & EIS Nyquist

Figure 2, 2RC Chemistry Comparison: NMC811 vs. LFP, Bernardi Heat & EIS Nyquist

PyBaMM 26.10.1.1 OCV/entropic PCHIP splines, Plett hysteresis, reversible cooling/heating, and 10/25/45 °C EIS arcs.

Figure 3, Closed-Loop Nonlinear SoC Estimation: EKF & UKF vs. Biased Coulomb Counting

Figure 3, Closed-Loop Nonlinear SoC Estimation: EKF & UKF vs. Biased Coulomb Counting

Recovers -23% initial SoC offset under +0.05C drift: NMC811 EKF/UKF = 1.26%/1.28% RMSE; LFP EKF/UKF = 7.19%/6.69%.

Figure 4, 2-Node Radial Core–Surface Thermal Divergence, CC-CV Taper & Horizon SOP

Figure 4, 2-Node Radial Core–Surface Thermal Divergence, CC-CV Taper & Horizon SOP

8.67 °C peak radial gradient, zero-overshoot 2C CC-CV (15.6/26.7 min), and sub-zero 0 °C Li-plating charge lockout.

Figure 5, ASTM E1049-85 Rainflow Decomposition, 12-Year SoH & Waldmann V-Curve

Figure 5, ASTM E1049-85 Rainflow Decomposition, 12-Year SoH & Waldmann V-Curve

Deep arbitrage EoL = 4.1 yr (NMC811) vs. 11.0 yr (LFP); PJM RegD 12-yr SoH = 80.9% / 87.7%; 20 °C fade minimum.